How to Make Pupusas

How To†¦ I am unique. A type of person that is never mistaken for anyone else (not including looks because my sister looks like me. ) A lot of cultures are different in every way. Salvadoran is something that describes a lot of the Hispanics that are confused with many Mexicans in this country. In El Salvador pupusas is just as popular as pizza in the United States. It is something originated there and nowhere else in the whole world, until of course the immigrants came with them as they became citizens of this country.This whole essay is more of a â€Å"How to†. It is going to be called, How to make Pupusas. There will be the basic instructions and some of the history behind them. After all of this you will enjoy a fine dinner/lunch/breakfast for your whole life. We will start with the basics. This is no rocket science I will tell you that now. Pupusas is made of a thick homemade corn tortilla. It is filled with a blend of cheese, cooked pork meat, and refried beans. To add flavor, we may add loroco which is a vine flower bud from Central America.They are served with curtido (Cabbage slaw with red chilies and vinegar) and a watery tomato salsa. A lot of people mistake the Pupusa with the Gordita from Mexico. The only differences are that the gordita is filled with more stuff and has an opening. This typical Salvadoran food has been around for more than 2000 years. They were created centuries ago by the Pipil tribes. They lived in the territory now known as El Salvador. Until the late 1940s this food became popular around the country when people moves out of towns to cities.When the Salvadoran Civil War broke down a lot of people were forced to move out of the county, where their destination was the United States. This is what made us come here and migrate with our tradition and culture. This all happened in the 1980s, since that day you can find pupuserias (places where pupusas are sold) anywhere where there is a major population of Salvadoreans. S ome places include the states of Maryland, Texas, California, and the country of Canada as well as many more places.Now that we know all about the history and what pupusas are, let’s start cooking! First we need to make the masa. In El Salvador, we would have to take moist corn and take it to a place to ground it all up. Here in the United States we are lucky to have Maseca, an all-usage flour that Hispanics use a lot to cook. We mix that up with water until smooth, we don’t want it watery though. After that we let it sit for 5-10 minutes. Afterwards you want to gather a ball of dough and make about a few 2 diameter wide balls.Try to make a little dent in the middle of the ball, that way there would be a little pocket for the filling. Make sure that it is thick, afterward you put cheese or beans, or pork in the middle. Then we have to close it like a dumpling, after we have it closed you want to make the circle again. You could put a little bit of oil on both sides so then when you put it on the skillet it won’t stick and burn. You put the skillet on medium-high and let it rest there for about two minutes on each side.Overall with the prep and cooking time it would take you about 45 minutes. Everything is very simple to make and super delicious. The last thing to make would be el curtido and la salsa. To make el curtido you will need a cabbage, carrots, and jalapenos or chili peppers, and vinegar. You chop up the cabbage into thin slices and the carrots. The jalapenos can be chopped in tiny squares so that way spice don’t overpower the taste. Then you mix all of those ingredients into vinegar and water and you let it sit throughout the night, make sure to do this a day beforehand.The salsa is way easy to make, all you need would be tomatoes, salt, and pepper. You boil the tomatoes in a pan filled with water, make sure that they get soft but not totally destroyed. Then you blend it with water and put some salt and pepper. You can als o add chopped onions or green peppers to the mix. Then you just blend all of those together and you just put it on a container with the container of el curtido for serving time! I hope this helped out and now you can enjoy a little bit of my home country, something super valuable to me and my culture.

Classical Music in Pop Culture Essay

There may just be a glimpse of good news for the music front. Recently I’ve heard numerous television commercials using pieces of classical music to display the message. Two of them, it must be stated, were for the same product, one of those so called daily vitamins. One had a piece of Wagner – the theme from Die Walkure – and the other accented a melody from Mozart’s Die Zauberflote. Actual operas, please note. And then another commercial for a table seasoning, set in a restaurant, had Bach’s BrandenBurg Concerto No. playing in the background. Could it be that a couple of advertising people have determined that pop music has lost some of its demand? I am lost in how these people go about determining what music to use, but it seems luminous that they would want whatever they choose to support the product image and not defer the people to whom they are trying to sell it. Yes, it is entirely possible to use music sarcastically , and perhaps thatâ€⠄¢s what is going on here. But to use a piece of Mozart sarcastically is still to expose the audience to a piece of Mozart, which in the normal way of things they may not encounter nywhere else. It’s hard to see how good this is but it can’t be that bad. Except for a single double sided cassette of Beethoven(which I accidently taped over one day) there was no classical music in the house when I was coming up. Whatever of that type of music I heard, I heard from television. And by â€Å"television† I don’t mean the likes of â€Å"Matlock. † No, my earliest introduction to music of the serious sort was from the soundtrack of cartoons. The animation studios of Walt Disney and Warner Brothers, among others drew freely on the library of fine music as background and sometimes even as foreground, as for xample when Bugs Bunny or Elmer Fudd appeared as the conductor of a symphony orchestra. Even when Bugs was the subversive rather than the highbrow, the music came through. I didnâ₠¬â„¢t hear too much in school, either which is a shame. As I recollect the musical interludes in school consisted of taking out little books of songs and singing â€Å"Jack and Jill† and other similar songs. Some kids played in the band and soaked up some music that way; being the class clown and lack of interest at the time, rendered me unfit for that path. But eventually I grew an interest in the drums and arching music, and started watching DCI(Drum Corps International), videos on YouTube. Doesn’t it seem, though, that good music is something that might be included into the school day? It does not have to be studied academically or formally â€Å"appreciated. † Just made available, as one might play little league football. Start early enough, and maybe boys won’t pretend to be sick at the sound of a violin. I’ve seen a couple of new commercials and they do succeed in making me take notice. I’m not going to buy those vitamin or the table seasonings, but I hope those who are inclined to do so wil l form a ositive association with some good music. Writing this paper I was really forced to think about classical music and not only is relevance in pop culture but also its contribution to pop culture. So I started my research and started seeing a lot about classical music and therapy. By the minute classical music is being incorporated into mainstream society. According to a research published in a alternative therapy medicine issue of the Journal of Clinical Nursing, classical music can reduce psychological stress among pregnant women. Researchers at the college nursing program at Kaohsiung Medical University conducted a study in which they randomly assigned a group of women to classical music group and another to a country music group. â€Å"the classical music group showed significant reductions in stress, anxiety, and depression after just two weeks, using three established measurement scales†(Chung-Hey). Followed by â€Å"in comparison, the country music group showed a much smaller reduction in stress while there anxiety and depression scores showed little or no improvement.

As I Shoped Essay Research Paper Kurt

As I Shoped Essay, Research Paper Kurt Baldwin English 101 As I Shopped With the growl of hungriness in my tummy, I decided to travel to the food market shop to shop for nutrient. I arrived at a busy scene of people seeking urgently to acquire their nutrient, and acquire out every bit shortly as possible. What caught my attending foremost was the acute noise of a small sandy haired boy running out of the shop every bit rapidly as his chubby small legs could take him. Shouting at the top of his lungs, he cried and passed me by. His tired looking female parent was running after him and naming his name, # 8220 ; Tommy, Tommy! # 8221 ; She was hardly maintaining up with him with her weaponries full of food markets. Thinking to myself that this is traveling to be an interesting escapade, I grabbed my cart and started to shop. Choosing first to look for some meat, I headed toward the meatman # 8217 ; s subdivision. Passing by a finely appareled adult male in suit and tie, I noticed he was taking between Velveeta cheese or the Fry # 8217 ; s trade name. With a satisfied expression across his face, he placed the glistening box of Velveeta back on the shelf, and tossed the Fry # 8217 ; s trade name into his cart. He so picked up his gait and walked down the aisle. I continued on to the meat section and found a nice stamp piece of ruddy steak that was instead thin. Looking across the counter, I spied the meatman cutting some porc. His combination of strong weaponries and his crisp knife easy cut through a half foot strip of bloody meat. As the ruddy juices oozed out the sides, I felt nauseating and decided to travel along. As I turned to travel to the bakeshop subdivision to pick out some staff of life when a instead big adult female dressed in a cheap faded bluish frock ran into me. Excusing herself, she rapidly grabbed a peculiarly fatty looking piece of meat and tossed it into her cart. Once in the bakeshop subdivision, I selected a 12 grain loaf of staff of life. The olfactory property of freshly cooked cinnamon buttockss caught my nose, doing me salivate. A portly adult female across from me ravenously looking for a piece of pie dropped a lemon meringue pie on the floor. Ignoring her blooper, she placed the crushed pie under a better looking pie. Looking about and seeing that I noticed her misbehavior, she gave me a guilty expression and turned around with her caput a small lower and left the scene every bit rapidly as possible. I picked up my list of food markets, look intoing them off one by one and decided that I had a good supply of nutrient. I headed toward the cheque out lines and found one that was shorter than the remainder, and stood in it. The gentleman in the aisle next to me caught my attending. He was being smacked across the face by his big, crimson married woman. She raged at him for gazing at a half dressed adult female on the screen of a magazine. The adult male apologized pitiably until her storming fury came to an terminal. Detecting she had made a scene, she went on with lading her food markets on the conveyer belt and proceeded to pay her measure. I did similarly, and pushed my cart toward the issue. I opened my bole and placed my food markets in. Climbing into my auto, I noticed my window had a crinkled bluish piece of paper on it. Tearing it from the window, I read, # 8220 ; Chinese nutrient! Lunch for two merely $ 8.00! # 8221 ; Looking around, I spied a immature adolescent with a dirty, white servers coat on. He placed the faux pass of paper on vehicles with such velocity that you might inquire if that is what he does all twenty-four hours long. I started up my engine, put it in cogwheel, and headed pl ace. about a book called as a shoped, summery

Carry out your own research to find a non-financial firm that changed Essay

Carry out your own research to find a non-financial firm that changed its dividend policy over the last few years. Assess the (p - Essay Example One of the key theories that explain the relationship between dividend policy and stock price is the irrelevance of dividend policy, in which Miller and Modigliani (1961) suggest that dividend policy is immaterial when it comes to determination of the shareholders’ wealth. They specifically argued that, without considering market imperfection and taxes; the shareholders’ wealth is not affected in any way. Hakansson (1982) supported the views of Miller and Modigliani by maintaining that dividend do not play any role in the value of the firm, regardless of whether they are informative or not; but this applies only when investors possess time additive utility and homogenous belief as well as when the market is fully efficient. Different empirical studies associated with dividend theory policies do not show consistent results. As such, it is not possible to give a general view as to whether the investors prefer dividend or capital gain. Brigham (2010) asserts that it is the prerogative of the management to decide the dividend policy based on industry trends and the long-term objectives of the organisation, a view that squarely explains the reasons why the management of Apple has dramatically changed its dividend policy. Even so, it is imprudent for the management to rely on any specific theory in determination of dividend policy for the corporations they head, because the best policy depends on different circumstances and times. Irrelevance theory is neutral with regard to preference of either capital gain or dividend payout (Miller and Modigliani, 1961). In this model MM concluded that capital structure does not have any effect on the value of the firm. However, MM II, argued that by introducing corporate taxes in to the first model, it gives rise to tax shields which in turn leads to optimal capital structure (Black, 2006). The paper puts into perspective the issue of dividend policy in the context of Apple Inc. The paper also gives a brief overview of the company, as well as putting into perspective the imminent change in divided policy that has been lined up, and those that have already been implemented. The analysis will also incorporate different theories that have been put across by several researchers regarding the relationship between dividend policy and share price volatility. Company Overview The Apple Company designs, manufactures and markets computers, networking solutions, software, peripherals and services. Among the many available products are portable music players, which they both design and develop. Notwithstanding, they engage in online distribution of television shows, audio books, short films, third-party music-both audio and videos. Apple Inc. (Apple) was founded by Stephen Wozniak and Steve Jobs in the latter’s garage. January 3, 1977 saw the incorporation of Apple. The Apple II computer was then later introduced by the duo later that year at a West Coast Computer Fair in San Francisco (Linzmayer, 1999). Dividend Policy Trend in the Technology Industry Distribution policy refers to Companies’ policies put in place to govern issues of dividend payout. For instance, a company can have either high or low dividend distribution policy to its both preference and ordinary

An Experience Related to Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An Experience Related to Crime - Essay Example It was a busy intersection on a week-end with lots of bystanders and people inadvertently crossing the busy crossroads. The actual hit and run incident was not actually observed but the man sprawled just near the middle island of two busy streets was a disturbing sight – especially when people just looked and no one dared to find out if assistance could still be provided. No police officer was on the premises. The initial reaction was to try to bring the victim to the nearest hospital, with the plan of reporting the hit and run incident leading to vehicular manslaughter in the hospital desk. The impact of the criminal incident had unexpected repercussions that could not be forgotten. A vehicular manslaughter has been defined by Hill and Hill (2005) as â€Å"the crime of causing the death of a human being due to illegal driving of an automobile, including gross negligence, drunk driving, reckless driving, or speeding† (par. 1). In this particular case, it was reported by various bystanders who witnessed the crime as due to reckless driving, in conjunction with speeding. The vehicle was identified as a cargo truck. Through the assistance of witnesses, who willingly provided their names and contact numbers, the information was likewise relayed to the hospital to be forwarded to criminal investigators and police officers, as required. T

Managing Operations and the Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Operations and the Supply Chain - Essay Example In quality improvement teams, employees from the same department, division, or team of the organization brainstorm to identify a list of problems to resolve. The advantage of this approach is that the employees characteristically have the best view of their work environment and associated problems and can develop ideas to improve efficiency and effectiveness. The drawback to this is that the problems chosen by the group may or may not contribute to the Tower Records overall goals. Tower Records with a focused success paradigm can multiply the return on its investment for its quality efforts over an organization without a clear vision. With the myriad of problems any given group can identify, it is important that resources be allocated for problem solving that can contribute positively to the successful implementation of Tower Records strategy. Based on such considerations, it is evident that the need for specific criteria and models to verify the quality fit between the Tower Records and the business atmosphere in that it operates, and to effectively and efficiently manages the relationships among the actors within the network. Such relationships, in fact, are characterised by many-to-many connections instead of more traditional one-to-one. For that reason, a deep revision of current managerial techniques is dramatically requested. Regardless of huge number of works on this subject, (Harland et al., 2001; Lamming et al., 2000), reliable criteria for the analysis and the evaluation of Tower Records networks, based on the relationships among economic actors interconnected through Internet, are not yet available. Accordingly, managers usually operate according to empirical methodologies that often do not assure optimal quality performances. In order to contribute towards the solution of such a problem, preliminarily examined factors that mostly affect the Tower Records quality performances. It may be assumed that effectiveness and efficiency of Tower Records depend on the coherence between the characteristics of the atmosphere in that the embedded actors operate and the way in that relationships among embedded actors are managed. The management of such relationships, consecutively, is based on the following three factors (Cucchiella et al., 2002): The structures adopted to organize the relationships among the actors of the network (Tower Records organisational structures). The criteria adopted to manage such relationships (managerial criteria); and The activities to be carried out for coordinating the relationships (critical activities). With respect to the Tower Records organisational structures, Tapscott et al. (2000) define five types of b-web adopted to manage relationships among embedded actors based on the level of product-service value integration (high vs. low) and control type: Agora, Aggregation, Value chain, Alliance, and Distributive network. According to Nkkentved (2000), the managerial criteria may be instead, defined on the basis of two variables, the market fragmentation and the product/process complexity. Consequently, six types of criteria may be identified: Auction house; Independent

Exempllification essay with outline mla format The topic of the paper

Exempllification with outline mla format The topic of the paper the importance of excercise - Essay Example Health practitioners hold that regular physical activity enhances the quality of life for an individual through promoting good health. Exercises lower risks of certain diseases that are actually regarded as high killers. For example, many people across the globe have succumbed to obesity. Obesity is a serious issue that experts say can be addressed through regular exercise and good diet management. Another fatal disease in the same line is heart disease. This disease is linked to obesity and physical inactivity. Cancer, diabetes, and high blood pressure among others constitute other examples that feature in the exercise debate as far as health is concerned (Libal 51). Over and above lowering disease and health complication risks, regular exercise impacts positively on the general life that an individual leads. From appearance to reduced aging rate, persons who engage in physical activity realize enormous benefits of exercising relative to their health status. Moreover, benefits of exercising go beyond the health factor to encompass the wholesome aspect of an individual’s life. While the physical appearance of the person who exercises is at the center stage of exercising, stamina is built from the inside. All that matters in this respect is the amount of energy that the body uses to undertake a given activity. With regular exercises, the body learns to be efficient in terms of energy consumption. For example, walking, lifting weights, or bicycling consumes energy, leading to exhaustion as the energy in the body reduces. Regular engagement in these activities trains the body to use the same level of energy for intensified physical activity. As a result, the individual’s exhaustion point keeps improving, thereby depicting improved body stamina. The importance of exercise extends to weight control. Here, the example given in regard to obesity and weight-related health complications is revisited. The art of weight

The key factors that contribute to leadership and evaluate critically Essay

The key factors that contribute to leadership and evaluate critically the extent to which leadership is linked to organizational - Essay Example Leader is an individual that assists and motivates his or her followers or employees to work for a common goal. Not only this, a leader might inspire the employees or followers to improve their level of performance so as to enhance the level of productivity or reputation of the organization. Therefore, it might be stated that a leader is the most influential person within the organization, who includes high judgment power to evaluate the changing needs and demands of the customers and the situations as a whole. So, a leader is extremely essential for an organization (Stacey, 2012, pp. 54-62). Critical evaluation of the article (Ogbonna & Harris, 2000) A leader is an individual, who works with highly confident outlook and optimistic viewpoint in order to cope up with the challenges of this competitive age. Other than this, a leader might comprise of the power to motivate and stimulate the inner morale and interest of the followers or employees so as to enhance the performance of the o rganization (Tushman & Anderson, 2004, pp. 35-39). As a result, it might prove effective for the organization to improve its image and equity in the market among other rival players. ... This might prove effective for the organization to reduce varied types of conflicts and misunderstandings thereby enhancing consistency and uniqueness. The leader might also be extremely tactful with high thinking ability and determination so that, he might become able to take perfect decisions at accurate time. Therefore due to presence of such types of qualities, a leader might help an organization to enhance the net income and profitability among other rival players (McInerney, 2011, pp. 56-69). In this age of tough competition, an organization needs to have a leader with high controlling and tackling power so as to enhance the competitiveness of the organization in future era. Such types of qualities are viewed within the bureaucratic leaders that help in stimulating the confidence of the employees or followers in order to achieve the goals or targets of the organization (Ogbonna & Harris, 2000, pp.767-770). Only then, the brand equity and popularity of the organization might get enhanced thereby amplifying the profitability and productivity in the market among other rival players. Apart from this, a leader with extreme determination and thinking ability is also equally essential in order to tackle the situational changes (Sadler, 2003, pp. 178-190). Such types of qualities are present within the autocratic or authoritarian style or situational leadership style. As a result of which, the organization might undergo vivid planning and scheduling activities so as to mitigate the threats or challenges in an effective way. This might prove effective for the organization to retain its prosperity and values in the market in-spite of extreme situational distress. As a result, the rate of reliability and trust of the customers over this

Erick Erickson on Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Erick Erickson on Education - Research Paper Example The formation of early childhood education was in the mid 1800s when there was the development of the private kindergarten in homes. A comprehensive study into the cognitive development of the child started in the early 1900s when various scholars such as Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget defined the stages of development (Coles, 2000). This research paper examines the contributions of Erick Erickson towards the development of early childhood education. Erickson’s contributions are in the three first stages in psychosocial development. The philosophy of Erickson to early childhood development is that the world seems to grow larger as the children grow and that the failure has affected their lives greatly (Roazen, 1993). According to Erickson, development is because of their biological self-combined with their self-psychology as well as the influence of culture (Friedman, 1998). The first stage focuses on trust and mistrust of the child. The child establishes this character between the times of birth to one year of age. At this time, the infant struggles to develop trust in the world. The children learn how to trust when parents and teachers nurture and make them become reliable and responsible (Friedman, 1998). The second stage is between 18 months to three years. The children learn how to master skills for themselves. They do not only learn how to talk, feed and, walk but they also undergo toilet training. The desire of the child to discover new things in life increases (Schickendanz, 2001). The children build self-esteem and autonomy as well as gaining more control over their bodies and acquire new skills and they are able to differentiate wrong from right. However, this is a very vulnerable stage. For example, if the child fails to understand the independent and dependent needs then the child will experience feelings of doubt and shame (Coles, 2000). At stage three, that is between three to six years old,

Comparative democratisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Comparative democratisation - Essay Example The death of Franco elevated Dan Juan Carlos de Bourbon to the monarchy. Until Franco's death, Juan Carlos had discreetly stood in the background and served to follow the dictator's plan. However once in power as king of Spain Juan Carlos facilitated the development of the current political system, as his father, Don Juan de Bourbon had advocated since 1946. Juan Carlos began his reign without leaving the confines of Franco's legal system. As such he swore fidelity to the principles of the movement national, the sole legal party of the Franco era. He took possession of the crown before the Francoist Cortes Generales and respected Ley Organica del Estado (the organic law of the state) for the appointment of his first head of government. He showed the beginning of transition through his speech before the Cortes. The first government of Juan Carlos was presided over by Carlos Arias Navarro. The king made this appointment in accordance with the guidelines of the 1966 Ley organica Del Estado (organic law of the state). However in July 1976, as Prime Minister Arias Navarro continued to delay reform and object to democratisation, King Juan Carlos demanded his resignation. Fernandez Miranda, as president of the council of the kingdom, obtained Adolfo Suarez's placements on the new list of three candidates for head of the government. The king chose Suarez because he felt he would be able to meet the challenge of the would be political process that lay ahead. Adolfo Suarez quickly presented a clear program based on how two points; (a) The development of a law for political reform that once approved by the Cortes and Spanish public in a referendum would open the constituent process for creating a liberal democracy in Spain. (b) A call for democratic elections in June 1977, in order to elect a Cortes that would be charged with drawing up a new democratic constitution. Despite all difficulties from the army and opposition Suarez's project went underway without delay between July 1976 and June 1977. The draft of the law for political reform (Ley para la Reforma politiza) written by Torcuato Fernandez Miranda was approved by the Suarez Government in September 1976. This law was debated throughout the month of November by Cortes under the presidency of Fernandez-Miranda. It was approved with 425 votes in favour, 598 against and 13 abstentions. The Suarez government wanted to gain further legitimacy for the changes through a popular referendum with 77.72 % participation rate. 94% of the voters voted in favour of the changes to add to his credibility Suarez, freed 400 prisoners in July 1976. He also granted blanket amnesty in May same year. In December 1976, he disbanded the Tribunal de Order Publica (TOP), a sort of Francoist secret police. He legalized the right to strike, with the right to unionize being granted a month after Suarez initiated political contact with the opposition by meeting Felipe Gonzalez, secretary general of the PSOE in 1976. However the big problem was for po litical normalization was the legalization of the communist party of Spain (Partido communista de Espania). PCE's secretary general, Santiago Carrillo's offer of a "social pact" pushed Suarez to take the riskiest step of transition by legalizing PCE in April 1977. To resolve the difficulty of a group of hard -liner Francoist led by Jose Antonio Giron, Suarez centered on General Diez Alegria. He decided to give the members this group the

Postmodernism, Hyperreality and the Hegemony of Spectacle in New Hollywood Essay Example for Free

Postmodernism, Hyperreality and the Hegemony of Spectacle in New Hollywood Essay After the screening of The Matrix on its first release, a dear cousin of mine, film connoisseur and avid fan of classical movies, spontaneously made the following comment: â€Å"This is an entirely new cinema to me! † If anything, The Matrix is a clear marker of cultural change. A film with state-of-the-art production values like this is bound to elicit in us the belated realization of how slow our response has been to the cultural products of an entirely transformed film industry, that of New Hollywood. My cousin’s casual and unwitting remark reflects the embarrassment felt by both professional critic and layman alike in coping with contemporary movies, especially when we still tend to approach New Hollywood products with the standards of the Old Hollywood cinema. Because of our adherence to tradition, we still tend to look for those classical values of â€Å"development†, â€Å"coherence† and â€Å"unity† in narratives only to find with disappointment that narrative plots become thinner, that characters are reduced to one-dimensional stereotypes and that action is carried through by loosely-linked sequences, built around spectacular stunts, dazzling stars and special effects. Narrative complexity is sacrificed on the altar of spectacle† (Buckland 166) as today’s blockbusters turn out to be nothing but calculated exercises in profit-making, all high-concept, high-gloss and pure show. Similar cries of warning about the loss of narrative integrity to cinematic spectacle have been voiced at different periods, usually at times of crisis or change in the history of the American cinema. One could cite, for example, Bazin’s disdain at the â€Å"displacement of classicism† by the baroque style, marking the end of the pure phase of classical cinema. His coined term, â€Å"superwestern, †designates the â€Å"emergence of a new kind of western† (Kramer 290), that, according to Bazin, â€Å"would be ashamed to be just itself, and looks for some additional interest to justify its existence—an aesthetic, sociological, moral, psychological, political, or erotic interest† (150-1). Similarly, in 1957 Manny Farber, taking his cue from Bazin’s superwestern, laments the â€Å"disappearance of this [classical] roduction system and the closing of action-oriented neighborhood theaters in the 1950s†. He claims that directors like Howard Hawks â€Å"who had flourished in ‘a factory of unpretentious picture-making’ were pushed towards artistic self-consciousness, thematic seriousness, and big-budget spectacle â€Å"(Kramer 293, emphasis added). A decade later, Pauline Kael too expresses her fears at the disintegration of filmic narrative which she attributes to the abrasion of traditional film production in general. She laments not only the emphasis on â€Å"technique† â€Å"purely visual content,† and â€Å"open-ended, elaborate interpretations† of the experimental and innovative art film of the New American Cinema, but as Kramer puts it, she was equally critical of the experiences facilitated by Hollywood’s mainstream releases. The lack of concern for coherent storytelling on the part of producers and directors in charge of the volatile and overblown process of filmmaking was matched by the audience’s enthusiastic response to spectacular attractions and shock effects, irrespective of their degree of narrative motivation. 296) Voices of dissatisfaction were heard at another major turn in the history of Hollywood, that is in the late 1970s, when the â€Å"unprecedented box-office success of Jaws (1975) and Star Wars (1977), signaled Hollywood’s aesthetic, cultural and industrial re-orientation towards movies with more emphasis on special effects and cin ematic spectacle† (Kramer 301). Unlike the classical movies produced on the assembly line under the studio regime (films that respected narrative integrity and refined story ideas into the classical three-act of exposition, complication and resolution), the products of New Hollywood, says critic Richard Schickel, seem â€Å"to have lost or abandoned the art of narrative. [Filmmakers] are generally not refining stories at all, they are spicing up ‘concepts’ (as they like to call them), refining gimmicks, making sure there are no complexities to fur our tongue when it comes time to spread the word of mouth†(3). Contemporary cinema has come to depend so much on shrewd marketing and advertising strategies that its pictures, as Mark Crispin Miller points out, â€Å"like TV ads, aspire to a total ‘look’ and seem more designed than directed† (49). The difficulty that critics nowadays face with films like The Matrix and the new situation in Hollywood, is not only unlike the layman’s inability to assess â€Å"any recent Hollywood film as a discreet textual artifact that is either ‘better’ or ‘worse’ than the artifact produced under the studio regime,† Cook and Bernink note (99). It has also to do with regarding â€Å"the textual form of recent Hollywood as expressive of changed production circumstances that lead to a different kind of textual artifact†(ibid. ). In other words, as we move on in our globalized, high-tech age, it is becoming increasingly difficult to regard any single movie as a self-contained, autonomous text. On the contrary, as Eileen Meehan contends, it has become imperative to look upon any New Hollywood mainstream release â€Å"always and simultaneously as text and commodity, intertext and product line† (31). In order to revise our critical standards and respond effectively to the new status of the contemporary Hollywood movie, we need to grasp the dramatic changes that the American film industry has undergone in the post-classical period, which started right after World War II and culminated to a point of radical transformation in the post-1975 period, which has eventually come to best warrant the term New Hollywood. These changes have been lucidly described in a number of historiographic studies (Ray 1985, Balio 1985, 1990, Schatz 1983, 1993, Gomery 1986, Bernardoni 1991, Corrigan 1991, Hillier 1992, Wasko 1994, Kramer 1998, Neale and Smith 1998, Cook and Bernink 1999) which collectively shed ample light on the completely new situation defining New Hollywood. What has drastically changed is both the ways movies are made and the ways in which Hollywood has been doing business. After the government’s dismantling of the â€Å"vertically-integrated† studio system, the industry turned to producing and selling motion pictures on a film-by-film basis, resulting in the shift of power from studio heads to deal-makers (agents), in the rise of independent producers/directors, and in a more competitive and fragmented movie marketplace (Schatz 9). To the rise of TV and the emergence of other competing media technologies (VCRs, Cable and Satellite TV) Hollywood responded with a re-orientation towards blockbuster movies, â€Å"these high-cost, high-tech, high-stakes, multi-purpose entertainment machines that breed music videos and soundtrack albums, TV series and videocassettes, video games and theme park rides, novelizations and comic books† (Schatz 9). Despite the â€Å"increasingly fragmented but ever more expanding entertainment industry – with its demographics and target audiences, its diversified multimedia conglomerates, its global(ized) markets and new delivery systems†, the calculated blockbuster, as New Hollywood’s feature film, remains the driving force of the industry (ibid. ). This is testified by the monumental success of the blockbuster at the box-office. Schatz cites Variety’s commissioned study of the industry’s all-time commercial hits, in which only 2 movies of the classical period appear to have reached the top, whereas â€Å"90 of the top 100 hits have been produced since 1970, and all of the top 20 since Jaws in 1975†(9). The big-budget, all-star, spectacular hits of the late fifties and early sixties (such as The Ten Commandments, Ben Hur, Cleopatra, or Dr. Zhivago) have some sizable profits to show for (all in the vicinity of $25-to $50 million). By the standards of their age, they were considered colossal box-office successes; however, by today’s standards they seem quite puny contestants to the post-75 era of super-blockbusters which generate record-setting grosses, well beyond the $100 million barrier (always in constant dollars). And such a figure applies only to theatrical rentals, which accounts just for a percentage of the total revenue of a movie which also finds outlets in ancillary markets. he industry’s spectacular growth and expansion (its horizontal integration) is to a great extent owing to the take-over of the majors (Paramount, Fox, Columbia, MCA/Universal) by huge media empires (Warner/Time Communications, Murdoch’s News Corporations, Sony, Matsushita, respectively) forming multimedia conglomerates with diverse interests in the domestic and the global market, with holdings in movies, TV production, cable, records, book and magazine publications, video games, theme parks, consumer electron ics (both software and hardware). These huge corporations provide financial muscle for the multi-million production budgets of the blockbusters (since the production costs have themselves sky-rocketed), but also market muscle for promotion. Marketing and advertising strategies have been the key to the unprecedented success of the New Hollywood movie since Jaws: through pre-selling, usually cashing in on the popularity of a novel published prior to production, a movie becomes a media â€Å"event† by heavy advertising on prime-time TV and the press, as well as by the massive simultaneous release in thousands of mall-based multiplex theaters. Calculated blockbuster productions are carefully designed to ensure the greatest potential profit not only through extended theatrical rental (sequels, re-issues, remakes, director’s cut), but also though capitalization in ancillary markets: soon the movie will come out on videocassette, audio-cassette, novel, computer game, and the increasingly popular since the mid-nineties, DVD, let alone an extended market career through by-products ranging from the CD movie soundtrack to T-shirts and toys, which contribute to the impressive surge in profits. It becomes obvious thus why contemporary movies cannot be conceived of as individual entities and cannot be separately examined from their economic intertext that renders them part (or rather the driving belt) of a larger entertainment machine and advertising campaign. Expensive blockbusters, which in the early days of the post-classical period were the exception and now, as Schatz states, have become the rule, â€Å"are the central output of modern Hollywood. But what, aside from costs, are their dominant characteristics? How are they able to attract, engage and entertain millions of people? asks Warren Buckland (166). The blockbuster syndrome has also changed the movies’ mode of address. Designed around a main idea, what is called â€Å"high concept†, a blockbuster becomes increasingly plot-driven, increasingly visceral, kinetic, fast-paced, increasingly reliant on special effects, increasingly â€Å"fantastic† (and thus apolitical), and increasingly targeted at younger audiences. And significantly enough, the lack of complex characters or plot [as for example] in Star Wars opens the film to other possibilities, notably its amalgamation of genre conventions and its elaborate play of cinematic references. But while these movies enjoy a great popularity among younger audiences, as their huge box-office success indicates, the loss of narrative integrity to spectacle, and the sense of escapism and triviality usually associated with high-gloss, star glamour and dumb show, has driven most academics or old-cinema cinephiles to summarily shun or dismiss blockbusters as merely calculated exercises in shameless profiteering. Warren Buckland thinks that these arguments about the loss of narrative potential in the contemporary feature film are overstated and attempts to reverse the â€Å"unhelpful and hostile evaluative stance† (167) of the critics towards the blockbuster. Focusing on a typical action-adventure blockbuster, Spielberg’s Raiders of the Lost Arc heproposes adopting an analytical and descriptive approach to these films, an approach dubbed by Bordwell and Thompson â€Å"historical oetics. † Part of the argument he makes is that â€Å"historical poetics† can account for the popularity of movies with such a broad appeal (and allows us to take them seriously as aesthetic, cultural objects) â€Å"especially because movies are examined in terms of their individuality, including their response to their historical moment, in which style and composition respond to the historical questions posed in the culture in which the film is made† (168-169). In other words, the issue is not so much about the so-called death of narrative—because narrative is still alive and well—but the emergence of a new kind of narrative, whose meaning is conveyed not through traditional narration but by emphasis on spectacle and the visual impact of the pictures which provide additional narrative pleasure and have changed the patterns of viewer response. Thus Buckland’s concluding remark that â€Å"it is perhaps time to stop condemning the New Hollywood blockbuster and to start, instead, to understand it,† carries more merit than we have been ready to admit. My intention in this essay is to extend the argument about the narrative/ spectacle issue in the direction suggested by Buckland, but within a wider, cultural perspective. The supremacy of the visual and the spectacular over traditional narration in the textual form of contemporary movies is not only expressive of the changed production values and the text’s signifying practices; it is also reflective of the changed cultural patterns and lifestyle habits in postmodernity. Classical cinema favored traditional storytelling because it provided a univocal interpretation of life and reflected a uniformity in entertainment habits: cinema was the predominant form of entertainment, as â€Å"the movies attracted 83 cents of every U. S. dollar spent on recreation† (Ray 26). Its nineties counterpart, with its emphasis on the sensational and the spectacular, on episodic action and generic diversification, is a postmodern cinema entertaining the possibility of multiple signification and the hyperreality of the visual, subject to an increasing commodified experience. As Anne Friedberg puts it, â€Å"today the culture industry takes on different forms: Domestic electronics (fax, modems, cable television) follow the interactive model of dialogic telephone communications. The personal computer turns the home user into a desktop publisher, the microwave turns every cook into an instant gourmet, the Walkman transforms each listener into a radio programmer. Both production and reception have been individualized; the culture industry no longer speaks in a univocal, monolithic voice. 189) This proliferation of entertainment venues offered to the individual points to a general malaise often regarded as the central feature of postmodernism, what Featherstone terms â€Å"the fragmentation and overproduction of culture—the key-feature of consumer culture† (76). As Jameson says, â€Å"in postmodern culture, ‘culture’ itself has become a product in its own right; the market has become a substitute for itself and fully as much a commodity as any of the items it includes within itself† (1991 x). In the â€Å"cultural logics of late capitalism,† Jameson’s code-phrase for postmodernity, what is commodified is not simply the image, which has acquired central role in contemporary culture but lived experience itself. As Guy Debord diagnoses in The Society of the Spectacle, â€Å"everything that was lived directly has moved away into a representation (1983 np). Baudrillard, as Friedberg notes, also talks about â€Å"the same phenomenon—representation of the thing replacing the thing—and extends it into a mise-en- abime of the ‘hyperreal,’ where signs refer only to signs. Hyperreality is not just an inverted relation of sign and signifier, but one of receding reference, a deterrence operation in the signifying chain†(178). A part in this process of the commodification of the sign and the derealization of the real has been played by media technologies, especially electronics, as Vivian Sobchack points out: The postmodern and electronic â€Å"instant† constitutes a form of absolute presence (one abstracted from the continuity that gives meaning to the system past/present/future) and changes the nature of the space it occupies. Without the temporal emphases of historical consciousness and personal history, space becomes abstract, ungrounded, flat—a site for play and display rather than an invested situation in which action â€Å"counts† rather than computes. Such a superficial space can no longer hold the spectator/ user’s interest, but has to stimulate it constantly in the same way a video game does. Its flatness—a function of its lack of temporal thickness and bodily investment—has to attract spectator interest at the surface. In an important sense, electronic space disembodies.

Racial Profiling within America’s Criminal Justice System Essay Example for Free

Racial Profiling within America’s Criminal Justice System Essay The criminal justice system of America is deeply scarred with racial bias. Crimes are being committed and, in turn, are resulting with innocent people doing hard-time. Thankfully, newfound methods of appealing court rulings are finding justice for these minorities; however, the results are as shocking as the crimes being committed. When it was found that the majority of successful appeals were of minorities, the true defects of the system was apparent. The minority community is being critically judged for things they’re not doing. Throughout the last decade lawmakers have be aiding the racial profiling scene. Arizona legislature passed a law allowing for an officer to demand papers of any person that proved their legal citizenship. The law, intending to lower the illegal immigrants in Arizona, became a symbol for racial profiling within our government. President Obama strongly opposed the passing of the law saying that it threatened â€Å"to undermine basic notions of fairness that we cherish as Americans, as well as the trust between police and our communities that is so crucial to keeping us safe† (Archibold). It is a very rare occasion where the President speaks out about state legislature, proving the enormity of the law and its regards to human rights in America. The law, dubbed the â€Å"Show Me Your Papers† law, has Arizona residents furious. Faulting someone of being illegal, purely based on their appearance is a very subjective issue. Someone with a last name of Garcia or Rodriquez is much more likely to be suspected of being in the country illegally rather than someone with the last name of Smith. Because Smith has a very typically â€Å"American† last name, he, most likely, wouldn’t be asked to prove citizenship. This is a perfect example of the kind of profiling that Arizonians are concerned about. Not only have lawmakers been creating laws supporting racial profiling, but laws such as the â€Å"Stand your Ground† law in Florida are allowing for racial profiling to occur under a pseudonym. The â€Å"Stand your Ground† law allows for someone to use deadly force, if needed, in order to protect themselves from harm’s way. The recent slayings of teenagers Trayvon Martin and Jordan Davis, two African American teenagers, have so far been defended under the law, bringing uproar to the stateespecially among the black community. Even worse, it’s considered legal. Families and friends of these children defend them as being upstanding citizens killed due to their race. Although Martin and Davis have not been the only people murdered under the law, they are the ones bring publicity to it. Due to the media attention, the policy’s effect on different racial groups is finally being questioned. John Roman, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute’s Justice Policy Center, conducted a study intending to measure the racial bias within the policy. Roman focused his study on killings that were considered justified within the eyes of the court: the murder of people that just committed a felony. â€Å"Roman found that the killings of black people by whites were more likely to be considered justified than the killings of white people by blacks†¦. In non-Stand Your Ground states, whites are 250 percent more likely to be found justified in killing a black person than a white person who kills another white person; in Stand Your Ground states, that number jumps to 354 percent.† (Childress). Roman’s findings show that even laws that weren’t aimed to become a racial issue are. The issue, however, is that it’s not being stopped despite the blatantly obvious ramifications. Some might argue that people of color are being convicted for more crimes than other races because they’re the ones committing more crimes. A valid point, however, with the recent advancement of these races throughout society, it would be thought that these numbers would be heading in opposite directions. In reality, minorities are being served harsher consequences than their white counterparts despite their equal standing in society. Michigan State University (MSU) conducted a study revealing that there was often racial bias when selecting a jury—especially those involving minority parties. The study conducted by MSU examined jury selection as well as the decisions made by said juries. â€Å"The MSU study of capital charging and sentencing found that those who kill whites are more likely to get the death penalty than those who kill blacks. The MSU study found that a defendant is 2.6 times more likely to get the death penalty if the victim is white.† (ACLU). Following the study, North Carolina passed a law entitled the â€Å"Racial Justice Act†. This piece of legislature made it possible for inmates to appeal their sentences due to supposed racial profiling. Since the passing of the law last year, there have been 4 successful appeals. The law doesn’t guarantee that the whole sentence will be reversed; however, it puts in place a system that allows for flaws in the length/severity of the sentence to be readdressed. The passing of the law as well as the MSU study prove that although there are more minorities being charged for crimes, the charges are of ill-willed intentions. In addition to undeserved charges, DNA testing has exonerated hundreds of people for crimes in which they were convicted over the past few years. When DNA testing became readily available to the criminal justice system, crucial flaws began to surface. It was realized that people were serving hard-time for felony crimes they didn’t commit. University of Virginia Law professor, Brandon Garrett, studied the first 200 people exonerated through said DNA testing. He compared the demographics of the exonerees concluding that â€Å"[Of] the innocent group, all male save one†¦71 percent were minorities. The vast majority of exonerated rape convicts (73 percent) were black or Hispanic, while studies show only about 37 percent of rape convicts are minorities.† (Wood). These hundreds of people are provide valid evidence supporting that, although people of color are being convicted of more crimes, they are also being cleared of said crimes. Racial ethnicity plays a large factor when it comes to being convicted of a crime. Oftentimes, a person of color is automatically assumed to be more likely of committing a crime than a Caucasian person. People of minority races are being targeted as criminals purely based on their looks rather than their guilt. Laws have been passed both for and against said issue, providing for a government that is facilitating racism. Racial profiling isn’t an act that would be thought of as happening in the 21st century, following the Civil Rights movement of the mid 1900’s. Despite the advancements in society, America’s criminal justice system hasn’t quite advanced so far. Works Cited Archibold, Randal. â€Å"Arizona Enacts Stringent Law on Immigration† NYtimes.com April 23, 2012. Web. New York Times January 30, 2013. Childress, Sarah. â€Å"Is There Racial Bias in ‘Stand your Ground’ Law?† PBS.org, July 31, 2012. Web. UNC-TV January 30, 2013 ACLU. â€Å"North Carolina Racial Justice Act† ACLU.org, December 17, 2012. Web. American Civil Liberties Union January 30, 2013 Wood, Mary. â€Å"Study of First 200 DNA Exonerations Shows Flawed Criminal System† law.virginia.edu, July 23, 2007. Web. University of Virginia February 2, 2013

Festivals In Indonesia

Festivals In Indonesia Events Odalan Festival Located in Bali, Indonesia The thousands temples that is located in Bali, Indonesia has its own distinct way of celebrating its own Odalan Festival which mark the anniversary of each temple’s building completion which is celebrated every 210th day. It has more than 20,000 temples and each festival would last for 3 days. There are several Odalan Festivals that would take place all throughout the island. Each temple having its own rituals and traditions but normally, the first day of Odalan Festival would start with the local women all dressed in their traditional Balinese clothing as they join the long procession to the temple where they can then lay their cherish gifts and offerings to the gods. The next two days are usually spent in intense prayer meetings, trance – like dancing and music, puppet theatre and feasting. Rice Harvest Festival Located in Indonesia The country celebrates the annual Rice Harvest Festival at the end of the harvest season. This event is a joyous time and a great occasion to be in Bali Island. This event is contributed to the ‘Rice God’ Dewi Sri. The local farmers would offer their great gratitude and praise for their abundant harvest of the year. Visitors to such festivals can try several of their dishes which are cooked as in offering in honor of the ‘Rice God’. Pasar Baru Festival Located in Jakarta, Indonesia Even though there are those huge and gigantic shopping centers today, Pasar Baru shopping center was one of the pioneering centers of its kind in the island of Jakarta. It was constructed in the 1960s. It celebrates its status as the region’s first shopping center annually with big events like shop decoration competitions, shopping discounts, food and drinks events and prize giveaways. Sriwijaya Festival Located in Sumatra, Indonesia This yearly event aims to uphold and support the ancient culture of the country by bringing its great history to the daily life of the locals through a program of grand performances, activities and exhibitions. Every single year, it never fail to attract both locals and tourists alike, the Sriwijaya Festival is a joyful and lively week – long event that also includes mesmerizing storytelling activities, groovy dances and live musical performances. Also there are new events that would include those speed boat races at the impressive river of Musi. This festival was a tradition from the ancient Sumatran Kingdom that has an important rule in the cultural and trade industry during the 13th century. This yearly affair brings forth the importance of history to life. Jakarta Fair Located in Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta Fair is part of the region’s anniversary big celebrations. It showcases the exhibits from all across the country – a wide display of different variety of products and goods that ranged from specialty foods items to those exotic traditional handmade arts and crafts. Also, visitors and guests would enjoy the live entertainment of cultural performances, dance and music. Code Village Purification Location in Yogyakarta, Indonesia As the locals offer their great gratitude to their god because of the gift of their precious Code River that runs all the way through the Yogyakarta, this yearly Code Village Purification is the most important ceremony for the locals and villages of Code Uatara area. This has been an ancient ritual as the villagers would carry out the traditional dances, ceremonies and parades in thanking the gods for the life – giving Code River. Senggigi Festival Located in Lombok, Indonesia Tourists and visitors can truly take pleasure in a week long events during the Senggigi Festival as it aims to uphold Lombok’s tourism. It is held yearly at the striking Senggigi beach area. Its events would range from the art exhibitions, cultural demonstrations to those conventional crafts. It also has several activities particularly those activities for children which make this big event a great day out for families. Firework Display and Youth Night Located in Jakarta, Indonesia This big event is held annually on the eve of Jakarta’s anniversary celebrations. This event is a series of events that range from lively music and grand theatre performances to those storytelling and conventional ceremonies. Same as those good celebrations, this big grand event comes to a noisy end with a magnificent fireworks display at midnight.

The Geopolitics of Colonial Space: Kant and Mapmaking :: Term Papers Research

The Geopolitics of Colonial Space Kant holds an ambiguous position in contemporary literary theory—especially postcolonial theory. On the one hand the Enlightenment project has been seen as universalizing force (with a decidedly Western form of the universal). Said, for example, writes that â€Å"Cultural experience or indeed every cultural form is radically, quintessentially hybrid, and if it has been the practice in the West since Immanuel Kant to isolate cultural and aesthetic realms from the worldly domain, it is now time to rejoin them† (â€Å"Connecting Empire to Secular Interpretation,† CA 58). On the other hand, John Rawls and others find in Kant’s 1795 essay â€Å"On Perpetual Peace† grounds for thinking Kant provides an antidote to colonization and an effective vision for order between nations. Is it that Kant has been understood correctly by one side, misunderstood by another? Or is it that Kant’s project contains both sides to the question of nation and imperialis m. I’d like to explore these two sides of the Kantian project a little further. Let’s start with Kant as a proponent of empire. The idea of space is interestingly discussed by Kant. He was, after all, first a professor of geography, a mapper of real space before he moved into the space of the human mind, philosophy. For Kant, the concept of space is an a priori. As he writes in The Critique of Pure Reason, â€Å"The representation of space cannot †¦ be empirically obtained from the relations of outer appearance. On the contrary, this outer experience is itself possible at all only through that representation. Space is a necessary a priori representation, which underlies all outer intuitions.† In other words, to be able to perceive objects in a spatial relation to one another, you first have to have the spatial concept, the intuition of space. This conception of space has certain implications for thinking about imperialism and the concept of the nation in the early modern period. Since Kant places space as an a priori, spatial sciences, such as geography, cartography, and so on, will also be based upon a priori principles. To leap to political science, is the concept of a nation, a geographic space at Kant’s time and still in our own, also the outgrowth of an a priori? If so, the possibility of a nation is not determined only by the relations of outer appearances but is the outgrowth of a representation of a nation.

The Importance of Being A Teacher Essay -- Teachers Teaching Education

The Importance of Being A Teacher In psychologist’s Erik Erickson’s eight stages of psychosocial development, stage five is recognized as the time frame in life where an adolescent either discovers his or her identity, or experiences role confusion, that is a misunderstanding of where one fits into the puzzle of society. This is, without a doubt, one of the most crucial stages of any human beings life. The decisions and choices made at this point in a life may very well decide the remainder of their physical lives. It would seem quite obvious from this statement that the people involved in an adolescent’s life could possibly have a gigantic impact on what he or she becomes. The teaching that these teens acquire should come from several areas, one of which is the school setting. Although a teacher’s job must be treated with extreme delicacy, what an opportunity a teacher has to help shape and mold thousands of young minds. Throughout the rest of this paper I will explain; the philosophies and types of teaching that I plan to use, the personal beliefs, morals, and viewpoints that I plan to incorporate, and my future plans regarding school and life after my four years at Concord. There are numerous philosophies and teaching styles that are used throughout the world today. The six main philosophies currently recognized are: Perennialism, Progressivism, Existentialism, Essentialism, Social Reconstruction, and Behaviorism. While each of these has their own advantages and disadvantages, there are two that I feel would strongly accommodate the type of teacher that I would like to be. I feel that a combination of Essentialism and Behaviorism would allow me to be most effective in a high school English... ...a joy it would be to be able to administer guidance to some of the youth that were in desperate need of it. My students would learn much more than the joys of the literary world. They would also learn a number of things about life and the ways to live. By the end of each year, they would know that I was not just a teacher who wanted to teach them strategies and cram information down their throats, but that I was a man of character who deeply desired to make a difference and be a part of each one of their lives. If they needed to cry, I would love to be that shoulder to cry on. If I had to sum up my feelings and philosophies in one sentence to wrap things up I’d say: â€Å"I whole-heartedly desire to become a teacher because I want to serve, care, love, and teach today’s youth†. Nothing would be finer than to look back on my life and know that I had affected people.

Rohypnol Essay example -- essays research papers fc

ROHYPNOL By Jenet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rohypnol is a drug commonly known as the date rape drug. According to the article â€Å"Drug-Facilitated Date Rape,† by Erica Weir, Rohypnol is not a legal drug in the United States or Canada but it is legal in 62 countries in Europe, Africa, Latin American and the Middle East. It is one of the most commonly used sleeping pill or anti-anxiety drug (Benzodiazepine) in these countries. People can get Rohypnol by prescription. Its main function is to depress the central nervous system. Rohypnol is given t some patients before surgeries because it lowers blood pressure and that reduces bleeding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A pharmaceutical firm known as Hoffmann-La Roche in the 1970s first developed Rohypnol. It was sold first to Switzerland as a sleeping pill in 1975. It was known to have fewer side effects than barbiturates until some scientists did more studies on the drug and found out that it has many of the same harmful side effects as barbiturates. It was also found to be very dangerous. Abuse of Rohypnol began in the 1970s in Europe at parties. Then in the mid 1990s, high school and college students began abusing it in the U.S. They are using them at dance clubs and raves. U.S. banned Rohypnol in 19997. In an article called â€Å"Rohypnol: Profile of the â€Å"date-rape drug† by Dominick A. Labianca, it was stated that Rohypnol is not sanctioned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a sedative hypnotic drug and is therefore neither produced nor marketed legally in the United States. People could face prison f caught with the drug. It also became illegal for peo ple to bring the drug as travelers into the U.S. for their personal use. Even though U.S. banned the drug, Rohypnol has become widespread throughout the U.S. because people struggle or mail the rug into the country and distribute it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rohypnol has many street names. Some are circles, forget me pill, la rocha, Mexican Valium, mind eraser, R-2, roofies, roche, and roaches. This drug is not very expensive and it can be easily found. According to the article called â€Å"Rohypnol, The Date Rape Drug,† by Richard H. Schwartz and Andrea B. Weaver, tablets wholesale for about $ 1.00 and retail for about $ 4.00-$5.00 each. High school and college students use it because they think that if it is legal in other countries then it must not b... ... when they passed out. Drugs are always going to be around but we need to keep on educating people and helping those who need help to quit their addiction. I have heard many abusers of drugs say that they want to quit but they do not know how or where to go to get the help that they need. We need more commercials on TV and more signs in schools so that people know where to go to get help or to remind them that what they are doing is harming them and others greatly. Bibliography Blachford, Stacey L. and Kristine Krapp, eds. Drugs, eds. Drugs and Controlled   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Substances: Information for Students. USA: Gale Group Inc., 2003. Dervarics, Charles. â€Å"Washington Update: New Bill Targets Date-Rape Drugs.† Black   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Issues in Higher Education. 13 (1996): 5 Labianca, Dominick A. â€Å"Rohypnol: Profile of the ‘Date-Rape Drug† Journal of Chemical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Education. 75 (1998): 719. Schwartz, Richard H. â€Å"Rohypnol, the Date Rape Drug.† Clinical Pediatrics. 37 (1998):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  321. Weir, Erica. â€Å"Drug-Facilitated Date Rape.† Candadian Medical Association. 165 (2001):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  80

Difference Between Critical Analysis and Analytical Thinking

When you really want to reflect and put your points across, it’s said that you have to speak through your mind but from your heart with what you have lived and experienced. In this piece, I am going to use real life issues and experiences to help put forth my genuine reflections on the different ways of thinking analytical, critical and strategic. To start with, I would like to discuss the latest and prominent issue in Mumbai, whether it should be called Mumbai or Bombay. There was this debate going around in the class and one of my peers analyzed that it should be called Bombay because 80% people in Mumbai want to call it by that name. Then he also corroborated this by linking it with one of the newspaper and saying that it has stated that 65% of the public want to call this city Bombay and not Mumbai. He also conducted his survey and collected data of people from various parts of the city, the South Mumbai, the Central Mumbai and the North Mumbai. He later analyzed the question on the data collected and concluded that indeed people of this city want to call it by its colonial name Bombay. He was indeed very right because he had broken down this problem and had made all effort to reach every corner of the city for the survey. His survey number too indicated the same and with the help of analytical thinking, he convinced that people want to call this city Bombay. Thus the beauty of analytical thinking is that with the data and figure well in placed you can possibly prove anything without anyone even questioning it. However I was born in Mumbai knew this city in and out and decided to find the answer to the same problem but critically. More than numbers and figures, I relied more on my knowledge and experiences of this beautiful city. Therefore, I too conducted a similar but asked one more question, Why do they want to call Mumbai as Bombay? And the answer was surprising. They wanted to call it Mumbai but as the name of Mumbai was Bombay in the business circle, they wanted it to named Bombay. Moreover, the survey conducted by my friend was done in commercial areas of the South, central and North Mumbai. Where majority of the people come from other cities and have no knowledge and understanding of the local feelings. So the analytical thinking over here clearly missed out the local feeling of the people as well as the understanding of the complex community. I have mentioned the above experience because I want to bring forth the major difference between analytical and critical thinking. While analytical thinking did prove and gave an answer to the above question and even looked more credible because of the numbers, it failed to include local feeling and knowledge of the local area. This is one of the major differences between analytical and critical thinking. While analytical thinking segregates the problem into many areas and tries to back it up with figures, critical thinking uses the knowledge and experience and put them into logical thinking to formulate an answer. As far as strategic thinking is concern, I am still trying to define the meaning and the closer I am defining it the farther it goes. It’s like debating whether GOD exist or not. GOD is there we believe, but on experiences and intuitions. We cannot see Him but still feel He’s there. Similarly, strategic thinking eludes its definite existence but is always there. You can call it a plan of actions designed to achieve a particular goal. This plan of action is implemented by considering and weighing several facets and views. Your knowledge and most importantly your understanding and application is of uttermost importance for strategic thinking. After these prerequisites comes the analysis and synthesis of these prerequisites keeping the importance of all possible view and possibilities open. Hence, strategic thinking never has a definite answer or solution. Its all about selecting the best possibility. So even If I do manage to come out with a winning strategy other might ridicule it simply because they might look at it from different angle. So more you are ridiculed or castigated the better will be your strategic thinking. Today leadership is like a soul trapped between his internal consciousness and external realities. The soul can choose infinite possibilities but yet have to select a very few. Moreover, whatever he does should be such that it takes the side that benefits the all. In today world, a leadership would be difficult to sustain without keeping all the three things like financial, social and environmental aspects. And to keep this leadership has to inculcate power with ethics for any sort of sustainability. Leadership can be short-lived if one doesn’t compromise on some of the ethics at the same time would be dangerous if he follows none. So it has t o have it only to the point of sustainability. When an enlightened one writes a poem thousands read it. However, each one of them perceives it in a way they want to and this depends on their own life experiences and knowledge. Similarly, I use to perceive the World in a way I have seen it with my eyes and observed. But to really understand you need to perceive it through the eyes of many others and that is one thing that I have learned from this edifying experience of the last two weeks. Today when I am leading, I am open to infinite possibilities and views. I am trying to use the five why technique in my mind to reach out to the possible root cause.. Then the model that I am trying to work is to use critical thinking first and then use analytical thinking to corroborate the findings of the critical thinking. This I feel would help counter the limitations of the analytical thinking and at the same time will help foster the critical thinking results.

Foreign Policy Toward Iraqi Refugees Essay

In 2003, the US war in Iraq finally toppled Saddam Hussein’s dictatorial regime and freed the Iraqi people from the bondage of tyranny. However, the re-establishment of democratic processes and the road to achieving peace have led to perdition, as Islamist fundamentalism prevailed during the cultural-religious bestowal even at the time prior to Saddam’s reign of power. The victory of democracy in the installation of a new Iraqi government instilled the shadow of political unrest and extreme economic recession, in which the fall of Baghdad may have been buried in a deep grave. At present, the violence in Iraq is showing no sign of slowing down and majority of the Iraqi people continue to suffer tremendously as documented on this account : the UN estimates that 2. 6 million Iraqis have fled since 2003 ranging from 40,000 to 50,000 Iraqis leaves their homes every month; two million flees to nearby countries and about 1. 8 million of the civilian populace seek refuge in safer areas within Iraq, in which Syria and Jordan are among the countries directly helping the refugees for the past three years, and some have fled to Egypt, Lebanon, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Meanwhile, almost daily the media reports on the desolation of Iraqi. The Refugee International has accounted for series and continuing street crimes, the prevalence of business closures, human trafficking, and kidnap-for-ransom cases. In addition, the media said that the documentation of casualties and victims of similar crimes has to be reconciled with at large proportion due inability to locate substantial witnesses and the family of the victims. Goal Positioning The goal of this paper generally seeks to discuss and examine the continuing struggle for survival in Iraq. The product of examination shall be presented through a course of study pertaining to foreign policy toward Iraqi refugees. In particular, a holistic approach will be undertaken, to: (1) identify the extent and magnitude of mass evacuation of refugees, and (2) examine the availability of foreign policies that concern Iraqi refugees. In addition, the objective of the study is to address the long debatable issue on host country refugee adoption and to answer the question â€Å"why and how Iraqi refugees could be hosted by countries like the United States of America but neither by other European countries or in Asia? † This question plainly posits the feasible means of a foreign policy that could be adopted [if there once that exists,] in which this compendium could ventilate the avenues of legislation and to the meanest effort of influencing the public interest for policy initiatives. Background of Study The background of the study focuses on the sub-human conditions of the Iraqi people and their desire to flee from their homeland in exile as refugees. The background [based on the plight of the Iraqi refugees] will also discuss derivatives of study on foreign policies that evolve the goals of this paper. The additional consideration on the need for enabling a foreign policy for Iraqi refugees could indicate and can be comparatively analyzed with the proportion of violence that links the overall unaccounted number of Iraqi casualties. Thus, the initial indicator is based on the documented report that follows: (1) US military killed in Iraq is estimated at 3,973; (2) number of US troops wounded in combat since the war began is 29,203; (3) Iraqi Security Force deaths is 7,924; (4) Iraqi civilians killed is estimated at a range from 81,632 to 1,120,000; (5) internally displaced refugees in Iraq is estimated at 3. 4 million. On the other hand, as part of the documented report , the cost of war has accounted to; $526 billion to date, with a cost per day of $275 million and being estimated at a long- term bill of $3 trillion. In addition, Iraqi unemployment has grown from 25 to 40 percent. Literature Review A brief review of similar literatures will be discussed in this section in order to: (1) present the collection of initiatives and collaboration of international entities and governments for refugees, and (2) link the relevance to the process of this paper. Canada was tasked to assume the role of â€Å"gavel-holder† of the newly established Refugee Working Group (RWG) in January of 1992 as part of the design of the general Middle East peace process (MEPP) that created the Expert and Advisory Services Fund (EASF) as a Canadian involvement to the Middle East Multilateral Peace Process . The EASF is administered by Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC) with funding from the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) in partnership with the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT). The implementation of EASF for the period of March 2002-2008 works within key policy issues on refugees, in which EASF (Phase 3 IDRC) programs embark on the â€Å"compensation to Palestinian refugees as part of a comprehensive solution, challenges of repatriation and absorption, and gauging and engaging public opinion† . In a related finding, the Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service through its Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS) located in Qatar and the Institute for the Study of International Migration (ISIM) in Washington jointly conducted a study in 2007 regarding this for . The study showed that Iraqis in Jordan and Syria are beneficiaries of two opposing foreign policies, one is the tradition of Arab brotherhood which comprises a political and moral responsibility in providing refuge while the other is an option of Jordan and Syria not to integrate the Iraqis’ permanency . However, the United Nations’ High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) considers the Iraqis as â€Å"prima facie refugees† (being registered refugees) who were issued with â€Å"asylum seeker cards† in Jordan and refugee cards in Syria. The UN agencies and NGOs have provided immediate support to lessen the misery. Furthermore, the study team stated that â€Å"the war in Iraq is not limited to Iraq since it has intensely affected the Middle East region . However, according to a statement of a UK-based NGO, many refugees are denied asylum status, being degraded and are even called as â€Å"welfare scroungers† or â€Å"fake refugees† when they come to the UK . It is obvious that the US and UK’s â€Å"War on Terror† is marginalizing refugees still further as numerous legitimate political movements are labeled â€Å"terrorist† . In addition, based on the statement, the UK has curved entire migrant communities as terrorist suspects [in which the anti-terrorism laws have widened the classification of terrorism] encompassed with political activities even on those who are against oppressive regimes overseas . Moreover, the US government has recently released a press statement disclosing that about 12,000 Iraqi refugees will be admitted to US before the end of 2008. According to State Department’s Senior Adviser James Foley, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs’ Tony Edison and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Senior Adviser on Iraqi Refugee Issues’ Lori Scialabba, Iraqis were identified as potential candidates for emigration to the United States. After a year of redoubled efforts, all of the organizations involved in the process are working together to build a more effective refugee screening program . The three US officials further stated that the US has poured in $171 million in humanitarian assistance to displaced Iraqis both in and outside the country in 2007. However, the UN has appealed for $123 million in 2007 to $261 million for 2008 . Scope and Limitation The scope of work will be composed of a 2-prong method which are: (1) on-field and out- field research; within the scope of finding available and adequate materials as derivatives in the conduct of evaluation and the actual field validation of data and (2) study review in areas of fitting in the study parameters in view of legislative policy agenda for refugees in order to re-examine the gaps and further conduct of study. Considerably, the aspect of out-filed research may be limited only to accessing the available data sources, such as on-site interviews to various individuals or personalities and gathering of other data materials that are readily available. Perspectives It has been a glaring and presently debatable issue that Iraqi refugees pose a challenge to global governments and communities of progressive people. The parameters of the study believe that Iraq has not yet overcome the war. While it is true that Iraq was once a captive of political and religious dogmas, the country must still be retained to its sovereign people. The Iraqi refugees is a shame to the least part of developed and even underdeveloped world from Africa to Asian continents because in that part of Middle East lies a bleeding country characterized by the plagues of war. It is in this regard, the study envisions a perspective that would create and supplant the bondage and stigma of war from the life of the Iraqi people. The study also aims to map out the road to recovery, and through that, a foreign policy for Iraqi refugees may guide the ascendancy of moral values and responsibility in order to achieve peace in Middle East and the rest of the world. Conclusion It is clear the Iraqi people continue to walk on the road to perdition due to their long struggle of tyranny. It could be described that the misery after the fall of Baghdad has a continuum in despicable plight. The global partnership in restoring and retaining the democratic processes in Iraq may be a long process and difficult due to the intensely adverse cultural-religious entanglement. Nevertheless, it is necessary to first restore the people’s lives, specifically women, and children. Once this is achieved, it will be no longer hard to once again see the flourishing city of Baghdad where people co-exist in abundant life amidst the barren lands. Bibliography America. Gov, â€Å"United States to Welcome 12,000 More Iraqi Refugees in 2008† (February 06, 2008) [http://www. america. gov/st/peacesec- english/2008/February/20080206160027idybeekcm0. 824032. html] Erik Leaver and Jenny Shin, â€Å"The Iraq Quagmire†, Foreign Policy in Focus, Institute of Foreign Policy, Washington DC 20036. (March 4, 2008). [http://www. fpif. org/fpiftxt/5036] International Development Research Centre (IDRC), â€Å"Middle East Expert and Advisory Services Fund†, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (2008). [ http://www. idrc. ca/uploads/user-S/12060300201Microsoft_Word_- _EASF_Program_Profile__3__final. pdf] Kristele Younes, â€Å"The Iraqi Refugee Crisis†, Foreign Policy in Focus, Institute of Foreign Policy, Washington DC 20036 (March 14, 07). [http://www. fpif. org/fpiftxt/4059] Patricia Weiss Fagen, Iraqi Refugees: â€Å"Seeking Stability in Syria and Jordan†, Georgetown University Institute for the Study of International Migration (2007). [http://www12. georgetown. edu/sfs/isim/Publications/PatPubs/Iraqi%20Refugees. pdf] The Refugee Project, 44 Ainger Road, London, NW3 3AT (2008). [http://www. therefugeeproject. org/]

Melville’s “Bartleby the Scrivener”: Humorous or Tragic? Essay

If ever there are two opposite themes offered in the telling of one tale, it is in Herman Melville’s short story, â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†. As his perspective swings between the objective and subjective, so swings the theme from comedy to tragedy. Regardless of the two perspectives from which Herman Melville relates the story of Bartleby, the telling of a tragic story with humorous subjectivity, the story’s plot and outcome determines the categorization. In fact, had Melville not peppered the story with his narrative, light-hearted, internal musings, and shared with the audience a â€Å"grasping at straw† style of rationalization, the main theme could only have been categorized as tragic. Regardless of the two perspectives from which Herman Melville relates the story of Bartleby, the telling of a tragic story sprinkled with humorous subjectivity, the actual story line, through its progression should determine its categorization. For this reason, Bartl eby the Scrivener, is a tragedy. Throughout the story Melville relates the many troubling incidents experienced with the mysterious copier. Bartleby’s reactions to his superior are so unlike those which most of us have ever experienced, human nature causes the reader to attempt to apply logic to his eccentricities. When asked to proofread a copy, Bartleby’s outrageous answer is, â€Å"I prefer not to†. Having just been introduced to Bartleby and still formulating a first impression, the audience is required to grapple with a logical explanation for his troubling behaviour. At that point, Melville introduces his first bit of comic relief, enlisting the audience’s empathy in stating, â€Å"To befriend Bartleby; to humour him in his strange wilfulness will cost me little or nothing, while I lay up in my soul what will eventually prove a sweet morsel for my conscience†. Since there is no excusing Bartleby’s behaviour, Melville finds solace in rationalizing his reaction and the r eader is quick to empathize, having found no explanation for the behaviour. When his conscience no longer provides for rationalizing the acceptance of Bartleby’s strange behaviour, Melville invites the reader to appreciate the behaviour’s usefulness. To some degree, the â€Å"little guy† in us is somewhat envious of Bartleby’s statement, â€Å"I prefer not to†. How many times would we have used this statement in our lives if we had no fear of the  repercussions? As the story progresses and Bartleby’s behaviour is becoming the norm, the banter between Mr. Nippers, Turkey and the lawyer becomes filled with the word â€Å"prefer†, the expression which has caused everyone such grief up to that point. After suggesting that Bartleby â€Å"would prefer to take a quart of good ale every day†, Turkey states, â€Å"Oh. Prefer? Oh yes – queer word. I never use it myself†. He then replies, â€Å"Oh, certainly, sir, if you prefer that I should†, upon being asked to leave the room. Melville is calling on the reader’s â€Å"little guy† to relate to the subconsciously driven behaviour of the characters. As the employer becomes more agitated, as a result of his circle of friends and acquaintances’ comments, Melville shares his mental gymnastics with the reader. His though process begins with the suggestion that, allowing Bartleby’s occupation of his offices would result in him having to â€Å"mason up his remains in the wall†, when he died. This not being a logical solution, he moves on to the question of whether or not Bartleby could be considered a vagrant. The reader is astonished with his conclusion that, not only will he not force Bartleby to move, he, himself will move without Bartleby. However extreme the employer’s solution has become, the reader can offer no solution and is dragged, empathetically, once again, into the rationalization of the employer, yet still amused by the bizarre situation. Melville lends humour to one conversation between the lawyer and Bartleby, in the form of contradiction. While visiting Bartleby at the office where he had been left, the lawyer again makes suggestions to Bartleby of ways in which he can better his circumstances. Along with the usual â€Å"I prefer not to†, all suggestions were punctuated with, â€Å"I am not particular†. It is at this point in the story, although amusing in its use of contradiction, the reader comes to realize that Bartleby is not making any kind of statement in his refusal to conform. Having become more evident as the story has progressed, is the fact that Bartleby’s amusing, shocking and at times humorous behaviour is not personality driven but driven by his mental instability. As the story winds down, Melville allows no more room for amusement at  Bartleby’s expense. Bartleby has wound up in â€Å"The Tombs, or to speak more properly, the Halls of Justice†. He has rejected the lawyer’s attempts at conversation and although the lawyer is still trying to make Bartleby’s life easier in the few ways he can, Bartleby refuses to acknowledge it. The sad rumour is shared with the reader, about Bartleby’s experience in the Dead Letter Office, which helps to explain Bartleby’s mental state. Once again, the reader is required to examine his own conscience. Bartleby, as it turns out, if not a product of humanity with all its flaws, is at least an example of it. He draws our attention to this in exclaiming, â€Å"Ah Bartleby! Ah humanity!† â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-street†, should be considered a tragedy, if not in the nature of the story-telling, then in the unfolding of the plot. The characters’ eccentricities, when coupled with the narrator’s take on them, have allowed Melville to present the tragedy in an amusing manner but Bartleby has lead such a sad life ending in such a regrettable way, this short story is tragic in theme.

Frankenstein and Jurassic Park Essay

   â€Å"I appeared rather like one doomed by slavery,† That line is used in the book when Frankenstein was telling the reader about how hard he was working on his creation and how its almost how he has to, like a slave. Here is a thought; I suppose in a way the monster throughout the book is being personified as really he is not human he is just a pile of discarded humans not is not really a writing device or an example of language it just came into my head. Here is another line from Frankenstein: â€Å"Rage and Hatred had at first deprived me of utterance,† That is an extremely good line; just by reading it you could probably tell when it was written it is a very good example of typical the Victorian style English language. After reading Frankenstein it seems that the way in which we talk nowadays is quite dull. Jurassic park reads like any other modern novel but of course with more scientific language, as it is a science fiction book. Here is a line from the book to prove that: â€Å"Grant was awakened by a loud grinding sound, followed by a mechanical clanking. † That quote is very good and typical of the book it uses a lot of onomatopoeia like the book does so much. Another thing I noticed whilst reading the books is that Jurassic Park has a lot more speech than Frankenstein. Also whilst reading the books I noticed that the things the writers use to describe horror are very different, in Frankenstein as it is a biography (however fictional) when something is scary he describes it by saying how it makes him feel for example: â€Å"How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe? † In Jurassic park it is different as it isn’t a biography and it is just the writer describing how something appears not how it appears to a certain character in the story. In Jurassic Park there is not much about how these scary things affect the characters just what they did about them, this could suggest that when a dinosaur is running at you haven’t got much time to think about it or the writer just hasn’t considered it, here is a quote for evidence. To give a sort of an introduction `grant’ has spotted some pterodactyls and they are flying toward him and it goes straight into: â€Å"†Come on! † Grant said, grabbing their hands. They ran across the meadow, hearing the approaching scream. † Frankenstein also uses a lot of religious language throughout the book with words like â€Å"Daemons,† and, â€Å"Evil,† And also somewhere in the middle of the book it says about how all creatures should come from: â€Å"The hands of god. † In modern society there are far less religious people than they were in Shelly’s time this could act, as more evidence that the books were written in different times, and that in language, although not content is a far older book. I enjoyed reading both of these books and it was interesting to compare them the books are very similar in so many ways but still written so differently both writers should be proud of producing such excellent pieces of literature. I must say though being a boy born in the late 20^th century and being stereotypically lazy I did enjoy reading Jurassic park more than I did Frankenstein but I think this is because I had an idea more about what they were saying and the language was clearer. Another part of it would have to be that I found it easier to relate with the characters in Jurassic Park as they seemed more normal than good old Victor and of course being from the same period of time as them helps. Chricton’s book gives the reader more of an action packed thrill ride, whereas Shelly’s was more of an emotional book although still gruesome and quite enjoyable and it is much more mature book and didn’t give u the impression it is deliberately accessible it also is a lot more personal and had Shelly’s views all the way through but between the lines. But a great man once said: â€Å"Don’t let acceptance exempt your expression. † References Visible links Hidden links: 1. http://www. coursework. info/ Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section. Download this essay Print Save Here’s what a teacher thought of this essay 4 star(s).

International law moot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International law moot - Essay Example With respect to Rocky, Ruritania might argue that pursuant to the maxim par in parem non habet jurisdictionem (no state has jurisdiction over another) applies in the case of Rocky who is the son of a diplomat.3 This maxim is reflected in 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations to which both Ruritania and Utopia are parties and thus are equally bound. In particular Article 41 of the 1963 Vienna Convention provides that: Consular officers shall not be liable to arrest or detention pending trial, except in the case of a grave crime and pursuant to a decision by the competent judicial authority.4 Rocky has not been implicated in any crime although there are suspicions that he might have attempted to commit a crime. Therefore the gravity of the crime cannot be established as no crime was committed, only the suspicion that a crime may have been contemplated. Therefore pursuant to Article 41(1) of the 1963 convention, Rocky’s arrest and detention pending trial is unlawful. ... It will also be argued that since, Rocky is a family member of an ambassador diplomatic immunity under the 1963 Convention applies to him.6 Utopia’s Response Utopia’s response will rely on the UN Declaration on Friendly Relations which effectively expands state responsibilities under the UN Charter. In this regard, the relevant part of the UN Declaration on Friendly Relations reads as follows: Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force.7 Utopia will therefore argue that Ruritania essentially sponsored or acquiesced in the terrorist activities of the FAI and in essence supported their activities allowing them to launch a terrorist attack on Utopia from Ruritania. In addition, U topia will rely on the exception to the general prohibition against war as found in Article 51 of the UN Charter. Article 51 provides as follows: Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.8